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Menu. [3] Tandy was cast after Williams saw her performance in a West Coast production of his one-act play Portrait of a Madonna. It starred John C. Reilly as Stanley, Amy Ryan as Stella, and Natasha Richardson as Blanche. Music included Visions fugitives by Prokofiev and Alfred Schnittke's First Symphony. In 1993, this footage was restored in the "Original Director's Version" of the film. Bette Bourne and Paul Shaw of the British gay theater company Bloolips, and Peggy Shaw and Lois Weaver of the American lesbian theater company Split Britches, collaborated and performed a gender-bent production of Belle Reprieve, a twisted adaption of Streetcar. Release Calendar Top 250 Movies Most Popular Movies Browse Movies by Genre Top Box Office Showtimes & Tickets Movie News India Movie Spotlight. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. While Blanche is bathing, Stanley rummages through her trunk, suspecting Blanche of having sold Belle Reve and cheated Stella and thereby himself out of the inheritance. When she realizes that this is not Shep Huntleigh come to take her away, she initially resists, darting back into the house like a frightened animal, but she cannot hide from the Matrons advances. Tandy received a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play in 1948, sharing the honor with Judith Anderson and Katharine Cornell. During a meeting between the two, Blanche confesses to Mitch that once she was married to a young man, Allan Grey, whom she later discovered in a sexual encounter with an older man. The doctor speaks respectfully to Blanche, saying How do you do? and Miss DuBois, which helps to win her trust (Scene Eleven, pp. He later traveled to Hollywood to work as a screenwriter. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. [39], The theatre critic and former actress Blanche Marvin, a friend of Williams, says the playwright used her name for the character Blanche DuBois, named the character's sister Stella after Marvin's former surname "Zohar" (which means "Star"), and took the play's line "I've always depended on the kindness of strangers" from something she said to him.[40]. Discount, Discount Code When a doctor and a matron arrive to take Blanche to the hospital, she initially resists them and the nurse painfully restrains her. As she moves in with her sister Stella and her husband Stanley, Blanche DuBois, a woman symbolizing the manners of the old, patrician South, pits against the multi-cultural and working-class people of the neighborhood. A 1995 television version was based on the highly successful Broadway revival that starred Alec Baldwin and Jessica Lange. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Title: A Streetcar . The sexual chemistry shared by the Kolwaskis is the foundation of their marriage. Stella erupts in anger over Stanley's cruelty after he reveals he has already told Mitch. From July 2009 until October 2009, Rachel Weisz and Ruth Wilson starred in a highly acclaimed revival of the play in London's West End at the Donmar Warehouse directed by Rob Ashford. Ralph Meeker also took on the part of Stanley both in the Broadway and touring companies. Lange won a Golden Globe award (for Best Actress in a Miniseries or TV Movie), while Baldwin was nominated for Best Actor, but did not win. Later, Stanley repeats gossip to Stella from a seedy salesman with contacts in Laurel, that Blanche was fired from her teaching job for involvement with an under-aged student and that she lived at a hotel known for prostitution. This encounter defines Stanley and Blanche's relationship. They are opposing camps and Stella is caught in no-man's-land. 1970 Press Photo Elaine Kerr, Blanche Du Bois in "A Streetcar Named Desire" Stanley uses simple imagery, ironically and critically: What do you two think you are? Mitch himself has lost someone and seems to have empathy with Blanche's situation. The first adaptation of Streetcar in Greece was performed in 1948 by Koun's Art Theater, two years before its film adaptation and one year before its London premiere, directed by Karolos Koun starring Melina Mercouri as Blanche and Vasilis Diamantopoulos as Stanley, with original music by Manos Hadjidakis. Grey later killed himself when Blanche told him she was disgusted with him. Blanche has put on an absurd white evening gown and a rhinestone tiara. When Mitch -- a card-playing buddy of Stanley's -- arrives on the scene, Blanche begins to see a way out of her predicament. But in Stanley's quest to find out the truth about Belle Reve and Blanche's life in Auriol, the interrelationships between Stanley, Blanche, Stella and Mitch may be irrevocably affected, with any revelation about that life which may further destroy what's left of Blanche's already damaged mental state. Previous. A Streetcar Named Desire is a play by Tennessee Williams. Genre, structure and language A Streetcar Named Desire: A Level 2 Structure [23][24], The play was revived again in 2022 at the West End's Almeida Theatre under the direction of Rebecca Frecknall, with Patsy Ferran taking the role of Blanche opposite Paul Mescal as Stanley, and Anjana Vasan as Stella. It is summertime, and the heat is oppressive. The TV version added John Goodman as Mitch and Diane Lane as Stella. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. However, it did win four Emmys, including one for cinematographer Bill Butler. [38] Other biographical elements include Williams mother being a Southern lady reflected in the Southern background of Stella and Blanche, and his father being a travelling salesman (as reflected in Stanley's character) who enjoyed drinking and playing poker with his friends. Blanche tries to telephone Mitch but doesnt get through; Stanley, Stella, and the audience know what Mitch knows, though Blanche does not. Sparklet Scene Summaries Summary & Analysis Scene One Scene Two Scene Three Scene Four Stanley stumbles outside, bellowing upstairs: STELL-LAHHHHH! Stella slips back downstairs into Stanleys arms, and Mitch comforts Blanche in her distress. A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) - Plot - IMDb Stanley uses casually racist slang: Put it in English, greaseball (Scene Eleven, p. 98). [4] Brooks Atkinson, reviewing the opening in The New York Times, described Tandy's "superb performance" as "almost incredibly true", concluding that Williams "has spun a poignant and luminous story."[5]. Later in the run, Uta Hagen succeeded Tandy, Carmelita Pope succeeded Hunter, and Anthony Quinn succeeded Brando. The Stanislavski system asks actors to use their memories to help give the characters real emotions. Set in the French Quarter of New Orleans during the restless years following World War Two, A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE is the story of Blanche DuBois, a fragile and neurotic woman on a desperate prowl for someplace in the world to call her own. Afterwards, he informs Blanche that Stella is going to have a baby. Mitch boasts of his strapping manliness, but by speaking quantitatively about his athleticism rather than stripping his sweaty shirt and baring his torso. [11], A highly publicized and acclaimed revival in 1992 starred Alec Baldwin as Stanley and Jessica Lange as Blanche. The title is a dual reference. Blanche wants Stanley to give up his weekly card game and his weekly bowling tournament with his friends including Mitch (Malden), to stay at home always sweating in his dirtied work clothes because he will have no place to wash and change with a lady in his house, sitting silent like a statue, until he decides it is time to just turn his paycheck over to Stella and move out so Blanche can rule the roost. A Streetcar Named Desire is a play by Tennessee Williams that was first performed in 1947. A sudden change comes over Stella, and she tells Stanley to take her to the hospital--she has gone into labor. The plays crisis point could be seen as the moment in Scene Eight when Stanley gives Blanche the bus ticket. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Elia Kazan,who directed the Broadway play on which the black and white film is based, invited Marlon Brando, the male lead, and Kim Hunter and Karl Malden, his supporting cast, to repeat their Broadway triumphs in the film remake.Brando plays Stanley, a poor boy who grew up tainted by ethnic slurs, made financially stable by the fortunes of the second world war. Yet, as rumors of Blanche's past in Auriol begin to catch up to her, her circumstances become unbearable. Dont have an account? [27]. Baldwin, Lange and Goodman all received Emmy Award nominations. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Adapted by Tennessee Williams from his Broadway play, the sexually charged saga centres on the marriage of Stella Kowalski (played by Kim Hunter) and Stanley (played by Brando), her brutish husband. -Graham S. During and immediately after World War II, most of the mainstream American art was patriotic and optimistic, rallying the country around the idea of a robust, victorious nation. The inciting incident that triggers the action of the play could be seen as Blanche being fired from her job, or as her husbands suicide. The route ran down Royal, through the Quarter, to Desire Street in the Bywater district, and back up to Canal. Fire! and he stumbles away. Please wait while we process your payment. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. (The birthday party is for Blanche's 30th birthday.) Blanche is polite, even when being rude: If you will excuse me, Im just about to drop (Scene One, p. 5). Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. The first all-black production of Streetcar was likely performed by the Summer Theatre Company at Lincoln University in Jefferson City, Missouri, in August 1953 and directed by one of Williams's former classmates at Iowa, Thomas D. Pawley, as noted in the Streetcar edition of the "Plays in Production" series published by Cambridge University Press. This becomes no ordinary domestic quarrel when their tensions escalate beyond a war of words to hurtful, spiteful deeds and then to climatic physical violence. Stanley returns home to find Blanche alone in the apartment. Refine any search. At age twenty-four, Williams suffered a nervous breakdown, left his job, and returned to college, studying at Washington University in St. Louis but finally graduating from the University of Iowa in 1938. After Stella returns to Stanley, Blanche and Mitch sit at the bottom of the steps in the courtyard, where Mitch apologizes for Stanley's coarse behavior. Blanche moves in with her sister,. Blanches imagery can be darkly gothic: The Tarantula Arms! Blanche was played by Bette Bourne as "man in a dress", Stanley was played by Peggy Shaw as a "butch lesbian", Mitch was played by Paul Shaw as a "fairy disguised as a man", and Stella was played by Lois Weaver as a "woman disguised as a woman".[37]. [34], In 2018, the Erkel Theatre in Budapest revisited the production with Marianna Venekei choreographing, Iurii Kekalo dancing as Stanley Kowalski, Lea Fldi as Blanche DuBois, and Anna Krupp as Stella.[35]. Instances of violence, insanity, and sex often figure prominently in the action, and all of these elements are readily apparent in Streetcar. It featured Timothy Carhart as Mitch and Amy Madigan as Stella, as well as future Sopranos stars James Gandolfini and Aida Turturro. Stanley seethes that Blanche is interrupting the poker game. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Continue to start your free trial. Streetcar also qualifies as a tragic drama by adhering to the three unities of time, place, and action adapted from the Aristotelian rules for classic Greek tragedy. on 50-99 accounts. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Williams lived in the French Quarter of New Orleans in 1939, writing for the Works Progress Administration. A Streetcar Named Desire Summary Next Scene 1 The play is set in the shabby but rakishly charming New Orleans of the 1940s. 'A Streetcar Named Desire' Summary - ThoughtCo In 1955, the television program Omnibus featured Jessica Tandy reviving her original Broadway performance as Blanche, with her husband, Hume Cronyn, as Mitch. Sometimes it can end up there. [15] Theatre review aggregator Curtain Critic gave the production a score of 61 out of 100 based on the opinions of 17 critics. Nguyen 1 David Nguyen William Brown AP Literature 25 January 2023 A Streetcar Named Desire Reading Notes A Streetcar Named Desire Published by: Tennessee Williams First performed: 3 December 1947 Genre: Tragedy Literary period: Contemporary Setting The play is set in New Orleans, specifically Elysian fields-which in French is Champ-Elysees. Stella admits that she is thrilled by Stanleys aggression, and that even though Blanche wants her to leave, shes not in anything that [she has] a desire to get out of. Blanche suggests that they contact Shep Huntleigh, a Dallas millionaire, to help them escape. Full Title: A Streetcar Named Desire When Written: 1946-7 Where Written: New York, Los Angeles, and New Orleans When Published: Broadway premiere December 3, 1947 Literary Period: Dramatic naturalism Genre: Psychological drama Setting: New Orleans, LA Climax: Stanley's rape of Blanche at the end of Scene Ten Antagonist: Stanley Kowalski What is the literary genre of A Streetcar Named Desire by - eNotes The protagonist in A Streetcar Named Desire, Blanche DuBois, suffers a tragic downfall, but Blanche's fate is not death, as would occur in an Aristotelian tragedy. (one code per order). Blanche quotes the stern formal terms in which she was condemned: This woman is morally unfit for her position! (Scene Nine, p. 87). (including. The story unfolds over a set time period (of roughly six months); it occurs within a single setting (within and around the Kowalski apartment); and it adheres to a single plot (the escalating conflict between Stanley Kowalski and Blanche DuBois). A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams, is a play divided in 11 scenes. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2009. It was staged at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre, where the original production was staged. A Streetcar Named Desire American Drama A Raisin in the Sun Aeschylus Amiri Baraka Antigone Arcadia Tom Stoppard August Wilson Cat on a Hot Tin Roof David Henry Hwang Dutchman Edward Albee Eugene O'Neill Euripides European Drama Fences August Wilson Goethe Faust Hedda Gabler Henrik Ibsen Jean Paul Sartre Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Lillian Hellman Lastly theres Social Realism, because of the plays frank treatment of issues like immigration, class, gender roles, and power plays between women and men.All that creepy shadows-on-the-wall voices-in-Blanches-head stuff that we talked about also explains the plays categorization as Southern Gothic. It aired only portions of the play that featured the Blanche and Mitch characters. Ann-Margret, D'Angelo and Quaid were all nominated for Emmy Awards, but none won. Later, Stanley lets drop a few hints that he knows some repugnant details about Blanches past, and Blanche is nervous, but the tension does not crack just yet. . A Streetcar Named Desire - CliffsNotes Free trial is available to new customers only. Blanche DuBois, Stellas sister, arrives: They told me to take a street-car named Desire, and then to transfer to one called Cemeteries and ride six blocks and get off atElysian Fields! Blanche is a fading Southern belle from Laurel, Mississippi. The London production, directed by Laurence Olivier, opened at the Aldwych Theatre on October 12, 1949. The Sydney Theatre Company production of A Streetcar Named Desire premiered on September 5 and ran until October 17, 2009. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% The original Broadway production was produced by Irene Mayer Selznick and directed by Elia Kazan. Stanley and Stella are tense. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Want 100 or more? Largely due to Brandos Stanley and Vivian Leighs iconic Blanche, Kazans film has become a cultural touchstone, particularly Brandos famous bellowing of STELL-LAHHHHH!, Oh, Streetcar! He advances toward her; in response, she threatens to attack him with a broken bottle, but is overpowered. Blanche's sexuality is decaying and unstable, while Stella, on the other hand, responds to Stanley's thrown meat of the first scene with a gasp and a giggle, which has clear sexual connotations. Free shipping for many products! Stanley appears and calls for Stella, his wife, to catch a package of meat. Stanley has never met his sister-in-law Blanche, the female lead of the play ,Vivien Leigh in the movie remake. Stanley and Stella Kowalski live in the downstairs flat of a faded corner building. The play is set in the shabby but rakishly charming New Orleans of the 1940s. Stanleys friend Mitch catches Blanches eye, and as she asks Stella about him, she maneuvers herself skillfully in the light to be caught half-dressed in silhouette. She pleads for forgiveness. Stanley goes along with the act before angrily scorning Blanche's lies, hypocrisy and behavior, and calling out her lie about Mitch. The next morning, Stella is calm and radiant, while Blanche is still hysterical. "is allegorical, taking advantage of New Orleans's colorful street names: the Desire line itself crossed Elysian Fields Avenue on its way to Canal Street. But you knew that.Lastly, because this is a play (a drama), its all expressed through dialogue and actionand okay, fine, through Williamss indulgent stage directions. Mitch does not hide the fact that he is looking in general to get married because of a personal issue, he wanting Blanche ultimately to be his wife. [14] Contact us Deconstructing (A Streetcar Named) Desire: Gender Recitation in Belle Reprieve. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. [2] It still ranks among his most performed plays, and has inspired many adaptations in other forms, notably a critically acclaimed film that was released in 1951.[3]. You can view our. Beyond finding Blanche's delicate hoidy-toidy act as putting on airs, Stanley, a plant worker, believes she may really have sold Belle Reve and is withholding Stella's fair share of the proceeds from them. Thats where I brought my victims (Scene Nine, p. 87). Complete your free account to request a guide. Dontdont hang back with the brutes!. A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) - IMDb . "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Teachers and parents! While Blanche is in the apartment for Mitch to pick her up for a date, a Young Man comes to collect money for the paper. Later that evening, at Blanche's birthday party, there is an empty seat at the table for Mitch, who doesn't show up. on 50-99 accounts. As we hear the faint strains of the polka, Blanche rushes out of the room. A pair of queens? (Scene Eight, p. 77). Later that night, in the lurid nocturnal brilliance, the raw colors of childhoods spectrum of the kitchen, Stanley and his friends are still in the thick of their drunken poker night when Blanche and Stella return from an evening out. Historical Context Essay: Post-World War II New Orleans, Literary Context Essay: Social Realism in the Play. Suspicious, Stanley points out that "under Louisiana's Napoleonic code what belongs to the wife belongs to the husband." Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? Active Themes. Geis, Deborah. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. A Streetcar Named Desire - CliffsNotes [17] On September 16, 2014, the performance was relayed live to over one thousand cinemas in the UK as part of the National Theatre Live project. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Print. An atmosphere of decay, impoverished settings, grotesque characters, and violent or lurid events characterize Southern Gothic literature. Yes, a big spider! To continue using this website please confirm that you accept our use of Cookies. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! [3] Selznick originally wanted to cast Margaret Sullavan and John Garfield, but settled on the less well-known Jessica Tandy and a virtual unknown at the time, Marlon Brando. Pedro Almodvar's 1999 Academy Award-winning film All About My Mother features a Spanish-language version of the play being performed by some of the supporting characters and the play itself plays an important role in the film. As the film progresses, the set of the Kowalski apartment actually gets smaller to heighten the suggestion of Blanche's increasing claustrophobia. A Streetcar Named Desire, play in three acts by Tennessee Williams, first produced and published in 1947 and winner of the Pulitzer Prize for drama for that year. After the loss of her family home to creditors, Blanche DuBois travels from Laurel, Mississippi, to the New Orleans French Quarter to live with her younger married sister, Stella, and Stella's husband, Stanley Kowalski. She eventually confesses that the stories are true. Genre Tragedy A Streetcar Named Desire: A Level - York Notes Please wait while we process your payment. Tennessee Williams was born Thomas Lanier Williams in Columbus, Mississippi. Summary Read one-minute Sparklet summaries, the detailed scene-by-scene Summary & Analysis, the Full Book Summary, or the Full Book Analysis of A Streetcar Named Desire . In the mid-2000s, another production was staged by Winthrop Corey, then artistic director of Mobile Ballet.[33]. Blanches imagery often idealises: I hope that his eyes are going to be like candles, like two blue candles lighted in a white cake! (Scene Eight, p. 79). My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. She is also deceptive and is critical of her sister and brother-in-law. Stella, Mitch and the landlady seem in agreement that Blanche is an innocent flower ravaged by wartime whom Stanley destroyed with his crude bullying. Alex North's A Streetcar Named Desire : A Film Score Guide, Paperback Blanche tells Stella that she has taken a leave of absence from her English-teaching position because of her nerves (which is later revealed to be a lie). A Streetcar Named Desire Study Guide | Literature Guide | LitCharts [13] The production would mark Natasha Richardson's final appearance on Broadway prior to her death in 2009 following a skiing accident. LitCharts Teacher Editions. In this case, the fantasy enters the picture when the audience gets to see and hear some of Blanches imagined horrors: shadows on the wall, the eerie polka music overhead, the sounds of echoing voices. Though Stella still cares for her sister, her life has become defined by her role as Stanleys wife: their relationship is primarily based on sexual chemistry. See a complete list of the characters inA Streetcar Named Desireand in-depth analyses of Blanche DuBois, Stanley Kowalski, Stella Kowalski, and Harold Mitch Mitchell. Discount, Discount Code 2023's Most Anticipated Sequels, Prequels, and Spin-offs, Mark Fleetwood . What happened to Belle Reve, the DuBois family home? Mild-mannered Ned Flanders as Stanley gives the famous STELLA yell, singing, Cant you hear me yell-a? A Doctor and Matron from the asylum arrive, and Blanche sweeps through the poker players to the door. The short film was written by the novelist Andrew O'Hagan and is part of Young Vic's short film series, which was produced in collaboration with The Guardian.[31]. In a 2016 episode of The Originals, "A Streetcar Named Desire" Klaus Mikaelson and Elijah Mikaelson are forced to face two siblings, Tristan and Aurora de Martel, once friends but now foes due to the Mikaelsons backstabbing them a millennia ago. Ann-Margret won a Golden Globe award for her performance and Treat Williams was nominated for Best Actor in a Miniseries or TV Movie. It was produced by the Lincoln Center, at the Vivian Beaumont Theater, and starred Rosemary Harris as Blanche, James Farentino as Stanley and Patricia Conolly as Stella. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Struggling with distance learning? Dang. In 1998, PBS aired a taped version of the opera adaptation that featured the original San Francisco Opera cast. Historical Context Essay: Post-World War II New Orleans, Literary Context Essay: Social Realism in the Play. Summary. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Blanche has been visiting now for three months. Stella, holding her baby in her arms, breaks down in luxurious sobbing, and Stanley comforts her with loving caresses. I sayHa!Ha! He bursts out of the bathroom in his brilliant silk pajamas, and advances on Blanche. [6], An Australian production with Viola Keats as Blanche and Arthur Franz as Stanley opened at the Comedy Theatre in Melbourne in February 1950.[7]. A Streetcar Named Desire Summary | GradeSaver The 1973 Woody Allen film Sleeper includes a late scene in which Miles (Woody) and Luna (Diane Keaton) briefly take on the roles of Stanley (Luna) and Blanche (Miles). His father was a loud, outgoing, hard-drinking, boisterous man who bordered on the vulgar, at least as far as the . The common motifs of homosexuality and mental illness in the play come from his own struggle with his sexual orientation and his experience with his sister's mental illness. Hollywood icons Marlon Brando and Vivien Leigh are given close, tight photography in their lengthy scenes of escalating conflict, played with such deep insight and such technical brilliance that the audience is given pause, from moment to moment. While looking at the papers, Stanley notices a bundle of letters that Blanche emotionally proclaims are personal love letters from her dead husband. Williams uses a flexible set so that the audience simultaneously sees the interior and the exterior of the apartment. Renews March 10, 2023 She escapes to the upstairs apartment of her landlady (Peg Hillias), but is so dependent upon Stanley that she returns to him when he goes into the yard and calls for her to come back. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Blanche and Stella escape upstairs to Eunices apartment. March 3, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Available
A Streetcar Named Desire Summary and Study Guide Many of the major themes of A Streetcar Named Desire are embodied in the history and culture of New Orleans. Stella does not remain with Stanley, as she does in the play. The program received an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Classical Music/Dance Program.[36]. Some time in the near future, during a poker game at the Kowalski apartment, Stella and Eunice are seen packing Blanche's meager belongings while Blanche takes a bath in a catatonic state, having suffered a mental breakdown. Part of what makes the play a tragedy is the sense of its action unfolding in a way that comes to seem inevitable. She falsely claims that Mitch had asked for her forgiveness but she had rejected him. Born in Columbus, MS, Williams moved to St. Louis, MO as a child. She has just finished composing a letter to Shep Huntleigh pretending that she has been on a round of teas and cocktail parties. A Streetcar Named Desire: Study Guide | SparkNotes Despite its shocking scenes and gritty dialogue, the audience applauded the debut performance. The way the content is organized, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. First youve got Magical Realism, which is a generally realistic setting with some odd fantasy thrown in.
How To Reduce Understeer With Tire Pressure, Is China High Speed Rail Profitable, Articles I
How To Reduce Understeer With Tire Pressure, Is China High Speed Rail Profitable, Articles I