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Both the time of death and the chemical processes that take place after a person dies are of great interest to an investigator. radioactive decay is random we define the decay rate in a probabilistic way by using a half-life so you have the amount remaining R = 1/(2^n) O where O is the original . Color of precipitate produced by remains of test tube 1 mixed with AgNO3 6. Show all work. . This is a redox titration. Use of the substance/mixture : Pharmaceutical product: component Veterinary medicine After another 12.3 y making a total of 24.6 y another half of the remaining tritium will have decayed, leaving 25.0 g of tritium. The two relevant half reactions for reaction \ref{2} above are: Reduction half reaction for Iodine at pH 5: Oxidation half reaction for vitamin C (\(\ce{C6H8O6}\)) at pH 5: A few drops of starch solution will be added to help determine the titration endpoint. In a 250 mL graduated cylinder, combine 25 mL of 2.0 M H 2 SO 4 and 25 mL of 3% H 2 O 2. Begin your titration. Chemistry 101 - Chapter 3 Flashcards | Quizlet Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. All other animal species have an enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of L- gluconactone to L-ascorbic acid, allowing them to synthesize Vitamin C in amounts adequate for metabolic needs. This information is used to find x in the formula CuSO 4 .xH 2 O, using mole calculations. The actual identity of the residue will then be conclusively verified by comparing this result to those obtained for identical tests on known samples of potassium chlorate and potassium chloride. This page titled 10: Vitamin C Analysis (Experiment) is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Santa Monica College. Two moles of HCl react for every one mole of carbonate. Just before a chemistry exam, suppose a friend reminds you that glucose is the major fuel used by the human brain. In the late 1700's, the British Navy ordered the use of limes on ships to prevent scurvy. Do not use another container to transfer the ascorbic acid as any loss would result in a serious systematic error. This reaction takes place at a temperature of 560-650C. As per the activity of radioactive substance formula, the average number of radioactive decays per unit time or the change in the number of radioactive nuclei present is given as: A = - dN/ dt. Begin your titration. Positive - increase in entropy because the solvent hydrogen bonding is disrupted. Legal. 5. Either the masses or the volumes of solutions of reactants and products can be used to determine the amounts of other species in the balanced chemical equation. Glucose reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water: \[ C_6H_{12}O_6 (s) + 6 O_2 (g) \rightarrow 6 CO_2 (g) + 6 H_2O (l) \label{3.6.1} \]. The balanced chemical equation was used to calculate the mass of product that is formed from a certain amount of reactant. What is the residue formula present after KIO3 is heated - Answers As the \(\ce{KIO3}\) solution is added, you will see a dark blue (or sometimes yellow) color start to form as the endpoint is approached. It is recommended that pregnant women consume an additional 20 mg/day. One way to express the proportion each of element in a compound is as a percentage by mass, or mass percent. mass of anhydrous MgCl 2 = 23.977 22.347 = 1.630 g 1.630 g MgCl 2 2 2 1 mol MgCl 95.20 MgCl g = 0.01712 mol MgCl 2 2 2 Periodic table of elements. In solution I2 reacts with I to form triiodide anions (I3-). Objectives. The mass of water is found by weighing before and after heating. & = 400 .0\: \cancel{L} \left( \dfrac{3 .30 \times 10^{4-}\: mol\: [Au(CN)_2 ]^-} {1\: \cancel{L}} \right) = 0 .132\: mol\: [Au(CN)_2 ]^- \end{align} \). Why are \(\ce{HCl}\), \(\ce{KI}\), and starch solution added to each of our flasks before titrating in this experiment? the observed rate of decay depends on the amount of substance you have. To do this, the potassium chlorate must be heated to temperatures greater 400 C, causing it to thermally decompose into potassium chloride and free oxygen: \[\ce{2KClO3 (s) ->[heat] 2KCl(s) + 3O2 (g)}\], \[\text{Potassium Chlorate} \ce{->} \text{Potassium Chloride} + \text{Oxygen}\]. Precipitation Reaction: Using Solubility Rules - ThoughtCo Record the mass added in each trial to three decimal places in your data table. nH 2 O with excess HCl (aq), 0.6039 grams of a gas is given off. WASTE DISPOSAL: You may pour the blue colored titrated solutions into the sink. At a 2011 market price of over $1400 per troy ounce (31.10 g), this amount of gold is worth $1170. Then, once again, allow it to cool to room temperature. The formula is: C p = Q/mT. What mass of oxygen should theoretically be released upon heating? votality. Convert the number of moles of substance B to mass using its molar mass. temperature of the solution. Refill the buret between titrations so you wont go below the last mark. B Because the coefficients of gold and the [Au(CN)2] ion are the same in the balanced chemical equation, assuming that Zn(s) is present in excess, the number of moles of gold produced is the same as the number of moles of [Au(CN)2] (i.e., 0.132 mol of Au). Add approximately 1 gram of potassium chlorate to the crucible. Potassium Iodate (KIO3) - Structure, Molecular Mass, Properties & Uses A sample of NaClO3 is converted by heat to NaCl with a loss of 0.16 g of oxygen. Solved 6. After heating, what substance remains? Only water - Chegg PDF Key Review - Cerritos College - Enroll today for fall classes! We need to know two things in order to calculate the numeric value of the equilibrium constant: the balanced equation for the reaction system, including the physical states of each species. Legal. A suitable method for the determination of vitamin C (C 6 H 8 O 6) is a titration with potassium iodate (KIO 3).Potassium iodate is used as a titrant and is added to an ascorbic acid solution that contains strong acid and potassium iodide (KI). Negative - ordering effect of ion on solvent is greater than the entropy increase of the crystal (highly ordered) lattice breaking down. We actually don't need to use derivatives in order to solve these problems, but derivatives are used to build the basic growth and decay formulas, which is why we study these applications in this part of calculus. AQA Chemistry. Dissolve the sample in about 100 mL of deionized water and swirl well. After blending, strain the pulp through cheese cloth, washing it with a few 10 mL portions of distilled water, and make the extracted solution up to 100 mL in a volumetric flask. Show all your calculations on the back of this sheet. Refilling the buret in the middle of a trial introduces more error than is generally acceptable for analytical work. KI can turn yellow upon heating in air or upon standing in moist air for long periods, because of oxidation of the iodide to iodine. From the mole ratio in the balanced chemical equation, determine the number of moles of hydrogen required. Pulverize solid samples (such as vitamin pills, cereals, etc.) the equilibrium concentrations or pressures . the formula of the substance remaining after heating kio3 | mycie, pielgnacja wntrza, zabezpieczanie lakieru, renowacja szyb i lamp. Radioactive Decay Formula - Meaning, Equation, Half-Life and FAQs - VEDANTU How long must the sample be heated the first time (total)? To do this, you will need three test tubes. KIO3(s) . extraction physical property. Exponential decay formula proof (can skip, involves calculus) 6. Using the molar mass of O2 (32.00 g/mol, to four significant figures), we can calculate the number of moles of O2 contained in this mass of O2: \[ mol \, O_2 = 9.07 \times 10^5 \, g \, O_2 \times {1 \, mol \, O_2 \over 32.00 \, g \, O_2} = 2.83 \times 10^4 \, mol \, O_2 \nonumber \]. Forward reaction: 2I- + 2H+ Stock solution 3% hydrogen peroxide, H 2 O 2 - available at local pharmacy. Calculating the amount of product formed from a limiting reactant 3.89 g/cm. the formula of the substance remaining after heating kio3 What is the value of n? Your final calculated results for each trial of this experiment should differ by less than 0.0005 M. Any trials outside this range should be repeated. Balance Chemical Equation - Online Balancer - WebQC This is the correct number of moles of water released from this sample. Recommended use and restrictions on use . Record the mass added in each trial to three decimal places in your data table. Based on the manufacturer's or reference data above, calculate the mg of Vitamin C per gram (solids) or milliliter (liquid) of your sample. Dissolving KOH is a very large exotherm, Dissolving urea in water is . Bookmark. Fill each of the burets (one for each part of the experiment) with \(\ce{KIO3}\) from your beaker. You may continue on the back if necessary: What is the concentration of Vitamin C listed on the packaging by the manufacturer or given in the reference source? (c)Amount remaining after 4 days that is 96 hours. An elementary entity is the smallest amount of a substance that can exist. Developed countries use both potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO3) extensively for iodization of refined table salt. Namrata Das. The solid is an efflorescent (loses water readily) crystalline substance that dissolves well in water. Question #fee47 Question #c5c15 Question #19eb9 Question #e2ea2 Question #bc751 Question #e2ea6 . 4.6 The rate and extent of chemical change. Remember that your buret holds a maximum of 50.00 mL of solution and ideally you would like to use between 25-35 mL of solution for each titration (enough to get an accurate measurement, but not more than the buret holds). Inspection shows that it is balanced as written, so the strategy outlined above can be adapted as follows: 1. In this titration, potassium iodate, KIO3, is used as an oxidizing agent. Because of its mercury content, cinnabar can be toxic to human beings; however, because of its red color, it has also been used since ancient times as a pigment. Applying the Law of Mass Conservation, the difference in these measured masses is the mass of oxygen released (from the original potassium chlorate sample). While adding the \(\ce{KIO3}\) swirl the flask to remove the color. Vitamin C, known chemically as ascorbic acid, is an important component of a healthy diet. This is a class experiment suitable for students who already have . Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\) is adapted for this particular problem as follows: As indicated in the strategy, start by calculating the number of moles of [Au(CN)2] present in the solution from the volume and concentration of the [Au(CN)2] solution: \( \begin{align} moles\: [Au(CN)_2 ]^- Calculate the enthalpy change for the dissolution of ammonium nitrate in units ofkJ/mol. . As early as 1536, Jacques Cartier, a French explorer, reported the miraculous curative effects of infusions of pine bark and needles used by Native Americans. where the product becomes Strontium (II) Iodate Monohydrate. What is the residue formula present after KIO3 is heated. A The equation is balanced as written; proceed to the stoichiometric calculation. These items are now known to be good sources of ascorbic acid. instead of molecule). Elementary entities can be atoms, molecules, ions, or electrons. d) the terms anhydrous, hydrated and water of crystallisation and calculation of the formula of a hydrated salt from given percentage composition, mass composition or based on experimental results; GCSE. It was first isolated in 1928 by the Hungarian-born scientist Szent-Gyorgi and structurally characterized by Haworth in 1933. ( for ionic compound it is better to use the term 'unit' Work in groups of three, dividing the work into three parts (standardization, unknown analysis, and food products) among your group members and then compare data if you are to finish in one period. Thus 2 mol of H2 react with 1 mol of O2 to produce 2 mol of H2O. a) Write the chemical formulas for the reactants and products. B To convert tons of oxygen to units of mass in grams, we multiply by the appropriate conversion factors: \[ mass \, of \, O_2 = 1.00 \, tn \times { 2000 \, lb \over tn} \times {453.6 \, g \over lb} = 9.07 \times 10^5 \, g \, O_2 \nonumber \]. Sr(NO3)2 (aq) + 2*KIO3 (aq) > 2* KNO3 (aq) + Sr(IO3)2-H2O Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The endpoint occurs when the dark color does not fade after 20 seconds of swirling. Wear safety glasses at all times during the experiment. Add titrant from the buret dropwise, swirling between drops to determine if a color change has occurred. This amount of gaseous carbon dioxide occupies an enormous volumemore than 33 L. Similar methods can be used to calculate the amount of oxygen consumed or the amount of water produced. T = time taken for the whole activity to complete Dissolve the solid ascorbic acid in 50-100 mL of deionized water in an Erlenmeyer flask. What mass of gold can be recovered from 400.0 L of a 3.30 104 M solution of [Au(CN)2]? Repeat any trials that seem to differ significantly from your average. 16) a) What of particles (atoms , molecules, cations, aNons, or canons anions) occupy the lattice in each of the crystalline solids given below. Iodine is normally introduced as the iodide or iodate of potassium, calcium or sodium. Why? To find the amounts of each reagent consumed or product consumed in the reaction, use the smallest value from before to perform the necessary stoichiometric calculations by multiplying the value, by the coefficient and molar mass of each substance: Al = 0.383 mol * 4 * 26.981 g/mol = 41.334892g (consumed) 100g - 41.334892g = 58.67g excess Formulas for half-life. By heating the mixture, you are raising the energy levels of the . An aqueous solution containing 0.10 g KIO3 (formula weight = 214.0) was treated with an excess of KI solution. K 4 Fe (CN) 6 + H 2 SO 4 + H 2 O = K 2 SO 4 + FeSO 4 + (NH 4) 2 SO 4 + CO. C 6 H 5 COOH + O 2 = CO 2 + H 2 O. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. The two reactions we will use in this experiment are: \[\ce{KIO3(aq) + 6 H+(aq) +5 I- (aq) 3 I2(aq) + 3 H2O(l) + K+(aq) } \quad \quad \text{generation of }\ce{I2} \label{1}\], \[\underbrace{\ce{C6H8O6(aq)}}_{\text{vitamin C(ascorbic acid)}}\ce{ + I2(aq) C6H6O6(aq) +2 I- (aq) + 2 H+(aq) } \quad \quad \text{oxidation of vitamin C}\label{2}\]. Each of the following parts should be performed simultaneously by different members of your group. Some of the potassium chloride product splattered out of the crucible during the heating process. Chapter 4 Terms Chem Flashcards | Quizlet from NaHSO3 reduce KIO3 to form iodide anions (I-), which further react with KIO3 to form iodine (I2). All compounds consist of elements chemically combined in fixed proportions they obey the Law of Constant Composition. [ Check the balance ] The thermal decomposition of potassium iodate to produce potassium iodide and oxygen. This applies to all three parts of the experiment. 3. How long must the sample be heated the second time? Manufacturers claim: ____________________________ (value and units), Serving Size (if applicable): ________________________ (value and units). Thus, the theoretical mass percent of oxygen in potassium chlorate would be calculated using the expression: \[ \text{Mass Percent of Oxygen (theoretical)} = \frac{3 \times \text{(Molar Mass of O)}}{ \text{Molar Mass of } \ce{KClO3}} \times 100\]. The residue is dissolved in water and precipitated as AgCl. Mass of sample and container after third heating 23.977 g (a) Explain why the student can correctly conclude that the hydrate was heated a sufficient number of times . From the balanced chemical equation, use a mole ratio to calculate the number of moles of gold that can be obtained from the reaction. Throughout your scientific careers you will probably be expected to perform titrations; it is important that you learn proper technique. To compare your results for the commercial product with those published on the label. \( 26 .0\: \cancel{g\: Au} \times \dfrac{1\: \cancel{troy\: oz}} {31 .10\: \cancel{g}} \times \dfrac{\$1400} {1\: \cancel{troy\: oz\: Au}} = \$1170 \). nitre will dissolve in water. Calculate the percent error between your average experimental value and theoretical value for the mass percent of oxygen in \(\ce{KClO3}\). There are many other factors that can affect solubility, but these rules are a good first step to determine the outcome of aqueous solution reactions. Calculating Limiting Reactant of a Chemical Reaction - ThoughtCo The substance that is left over after the hydrate has lost its water is called . Be sure to use the average molarity determined for the \(\ce{KIO3}\) in Part A for these calculations. Calculating_Equilibrium_Constants - Purdue University What are. 50 mL of distilled water. Students can therefore evaluate their accuracy in this experiment by comparing their experimental results to the true theoretical value, and by calculating their percent error. Because so much energy is released for a given mass of hydrogen or oxygen, this reaction was used to fuel the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) space shuttles, which have recently been retired from service. Solution: 1) Determine mass of water driven off: 4.31 3.22 = 1.09 g of water. extraction description. Thanks! Finding the formula of hydrated copper(II) sulfate | Experiment | RSC Thus, in the dilution formula, M1V1 = M2V2, V2 is always 20 mL, and V1 is the volume of the individual solution added to the mixture. *Express your values to the correct number of significant figures. Calculating Equilibrium Constants. Gold is then recovered by reduction with metallic zinc according to the following equation: \[ Zn(s) + 2[Au(CN)_2]^-(aq) \rightarrow [Zn(CN)_4]^{2-}(aq) + 2Au(s) \nonumber \]. Calculate how many tons of hydrogen a space shuttle needed to carry for each 1.00 tn of oxygen (1 tn = 2000 lb). of all the atoms in the chemical formula of a substance. Name of Sample Used: ________________________________________________________. Exponential decay formula proof (can skip, involves calculus) Exponential decay problem solving. Add approximately 0.5-0.6 g of \(\ce{KI}\), 5-6 mL of 1 M \(\ce{HCl}\), and 3-4 drops of 0.5% starch solution to the flask. Both reaction are endothermic - heat must be supplied in order for the reaction to take place. If the sample from step 7 is not within 0.050 grams of the mass from step 6, heat again for a third time, cool and record the mass. It was first isolated in 1928 by the Hungarian-born scientist Szent-Gyorgi and structurally characterized by Haworth in 1933. Expert Answer. Potassium Chlorate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KClO 3. The coefficients in the balanced chemical equation tell how many moles of reactants are needed and how many moles of product can be produced. Your response should include an analysis of the calculations you performed with your raw data to obtain your experimental % of oxygen. The finished reaction is: 2 KCl (aq) + Pb (NO 3) 2 (aq) 2 KNO 3 (aq) + PbCl 2 (s) The solubility rules are a useful guideline to predict whether a compound will dissolve or form a precipitate. { "01:_Introducing_Measurements_in_the_Laboratory_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_The_Density_of_Liquids_and_Solids_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Chemical_Nomenclature_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_The_Properties_of_Oxygen_Gas_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_The_Composition_of_Potassium_Chlorate_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Single_and_Double_Displacement_Reactions_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_Mole_Ratios_and_Reaction_Stoichiometry_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_Flame_Tests_of_Metal_Cations_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "09:_Lewis_Structures_and_Molecular_Shapes_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "10:_Experimental_Determination_of_the_Gas_Constant_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11:_Titration_of_Vinegar_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "12:_Equilibrium_and_Le_Chatelier\'s_Principle_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { Chem_10_Experiments : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Chem_11_Experiments : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Chem_12_Experiments : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Chem_9_Experiments : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, 5: The Composition of Potassium Chlorate (Experiment), [ "article:topic", "authorname:smu", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbync" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FAncillary_Materials%2FLaboratory_Experiments%2FWet_Lab_Experiments%2FGeneral_Chemistry_Labs%2FOnline_Chemistry_Lab_Manual%2FChem_10_Experiments%2F05%253A_The_Composition_of_Potassium_Chlorate_(Experiment), \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 4: The Properties of Oxygen Gas (Experiment), 6: Single and Double Displacement Reactions (Experiment), Part A: Mass Percent of Oxygen in Potassium Chlorate, Pre-laboratory Assignment: The Composition of Potassium Chlorate, Lab Report: The Composition of Potassium Chlorate, Part B: Qualitative Examination of Residue, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Begin your titration. Show all work. N is the number of particles. . The specific gravity of Potassium iodate. It is very flammable when mixed with combustible materials. Amount remaining after 4 days that is 96 hours=0.012 grams Be sure the product you select actually contains vitamin C (as listed on the label or in a text or website) and be sure to save the label or reference for comparison to your final results. Scurvy is a disease unique to guinea pigs, various primates, and humans. The \(\ce{KIO3}\) solution has an approximate concentration of about ~0.01 M. You will need to determine exactly what the molarity is to three significant figures. If you are using a pulpy juice, strain out the majority of the pulp using a cloth or filter. Finally, convert the mass of H2 to the desired units (tons) by using the appropriate conversion factors: \[ tons \, H_2 = 1.14 \times 10^5 \, g \, H_2 \times {1 \, lb \over 453.6 \, g} \times {1 \, tn \over 2000 \, lb} = 0.126 \, tn \, H_2 \nonumber \]. What can you conclude about the labeling of this product or reference value? Reaction \ref{1} generates aqueous iodine, \(\ce{I2}\) (aq). Potassium iodide is a white crystalline salt with chemical formula K I, used in photography and radiation treatment.

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